Crystallized product is often separated from the mother liquor by methods of filtration or centrifugation, followed by drying. A wide crystal size distribution with a significant numbers of “fines” often results in poor filterability which can add hours or even days to process cycle time. Poor filterability also relates directly to mother liquor retention which impacts crystal product purity – requiring additional washes with hot solvent which can further increase cycle time and reduce yields.
FBRM process analytical tools are widely used for real-time monitoring and optimization of crystallization for the purpose of avoiding downstream bottlenecks due to poor filterability of the crystal product.
多晶型是制药和精细化工行业中许多结晶固体存在的一种现象。 科学家们特意结晶出一种理想的多晶型物,以改善分离性能,帮助克服下游过程的挑战,并提高生物利用度或避免出现冲突。 原位、实时识别多态和形态变换,可消除意外过程扰动、产品不合格和成本高昂的物料再处理问题。
科研人员将高价值的化合物重结晶,从而以较高效率获得具有所需物性的晶体产品。 从选择正确的溶剂到获得干燥的晶体产品,设计理想的重结晶过程需要七个步骤。 本重结晶指南分步介绍了开发重结晶过程的流程。 其中解释了重结晶每个阶段所需的信息,并且阐述了控制关键过程参数的方法
溶解度曲线通常用于说明溶解度、温度和溶剂类型之间的关系。 通过绘制温度和溶解度之间的曲线,科学家可创建开发所需结晶过程需要的框架。 一旦选择了适当的溶剂,溶解度曲线便成为研发高效结晶过程的主要工具。
基于探头的过程技术应用于跟踪全浓度下的颗粒粒径与形状变化,而无需稀释或提取。 通过实时跟踪颗粒和晶体的变化速率与变化程度,可优化结晶性能的工艺参数。
晶种加入是优化结晶行为的较重要工序之一。 在设计晶种加入策略时,必须考虑重要参数,如:晶种粒径、晶种加入量(质量)与晶种添加温度。 通常根据过程动力学以及所需较终颗粒物性对这些参数进行优化,这些参数在扩大生产与技术转移时必须保持一致。
在反溶剂结晶过程中,溶剂添加速率、添加位置与混合会对容器或管道内的局部过饱和度产生影响。 科学家与工程师通过调整反溶剂添加方案与过饱和度更改晶体粒度与粒数。
冷却曲线对过饱和度和结晶动力学产生重要影响。 工艺温度经过优化,与晶体表面相匹配,可实现优化生长而不是成核。 通过控制温度来调整过饱和度、晶体尺寸和形状的先进技术。
更改结晶器规模或混合条件会直接影响结晶过程的动力学和较终晶体尺寸。 传热和传质效应分别是冷却系统和反溶剂系统的重要考量因素,其中温度梯度或浓度梯度会形成实际过度饱和的不均匀性。
Lactose crystallization is an industrial practice to separate lactose from whey solutions via controlled crystallization.
A well-designed batch crystallization process is one that can be scaled successfully to production scale - giving the desired crystal size distribution, yield, form and purity. Batch crystallization optimization requires maintaining adequate control of the crystallizer temperature (or solvent composition).
Continuous crystallization is made possible by advances in process modeling and crystallizer design, which leverage the ability to control crystal size distribution in real time by directly monitoring the crystal population.
The MSMPR (Mixed Suspension Mixed Product Removal) crystallizer is a type of crystallizer used in industrial processes to produce high-purity crystals.
A well-designed batch crystallization process is one that can be scaled successfully to production scale - giving the desired crystal size distribution, yield, form and purity. Batch crystallization optimization requires maintaining adequate control of the crystallizer temperature (or solvent composition).