Forskere, der arbejder i syntetisk organisk kemi, er under stigende pres for at opdage og udvikle innovative syntetiske forløb og robuste kemiske processer så hurtigt som muligt. In-line procesanalytiske teknologier (PAT) er i stand til at levere vigtige spor, der sætter forskere i stand til at forstå kinetik, forløb, og mekanismer i kemiske reaktioner. Bevæbnet med øget forståelse for reaktioner, er forskerne i stand til hurtigt at optimere og optrappe processer med øget robusthed og ydeevne. Se applikationsbiblioteket for de seneste udgivelser og industrielle applikationer.
Hvordan kan vi hjælpe dig?
Forbedring af katalysatorydeevne af
Tandem-hydroformylation/hydrogenering
Forskere anvendte in situ reaktionsovervågning for at forstå aktivitet og robusthed af nye komponenter i hydroformylering/hydrogeneringskatalysator. Ved at måle kinetik, forløb og reaktionsmekanismer, blev der identificeret de optimale betingelser for katalysatorydeevne.
Reaktionsovervågning i realtid
Da det passer til en bred vifte af kemiske anvendelser, giver in situ Fourier Transform Infrarød (FTIR) spektroskopi overvågning i realtid af centrale reaktionstyper. Da det er designet til at følge reaktionsforløbet, giver ReactIR specifikke oplysninger om igangsættelse af reaktioner, konvertering, mellemprodukter og slutpunkt. Dette sker selv under vanskelige forhold, der gør offline prøvetagning og analyse vanskelig, såsom reaktioner under tryk eller ekstreme temperaturer. Applikationer omfatter Katalysatoroptimering, Hydrogenering, Polymerisering og meget reaktiv kemi.
Design af forsøg (DoE)
til optimerede reaktionsbetingelser
Forskere anvender ofte Design af forsøg (DoE) til maksimal information, når de planlægger kontrollerede forsøg. Produktsammensætning, stereospecificitet, udbytte og urenheder optimeres ved at ændre reaktionsbetingelserne, såsom temperatur, opløsningsmiddel, katalysator, og koncentrationer af substrat eller reagens. En effektiv undersøgelse af de påvirkende faktorer med kun et lille antal eksperimenter, kræver at eksperimenterne udføres under velkontrollerede, nøjagtige og reproducerbare betingelser. Alt dette finder fortrinsvis sted automatiseret eller semi-automatiseret i lille målestok og kan hurtigt føre til optimerede reaktionsbetingelser.
Arbejdsstationer til organisk syntese
Nye teknikker til bedre kemi
Arbejdsstationer til organisk syntesemed lille volumen gør det muligt for kemikere hurtigt og effektivt at udføre eksperimenter dag og nat med kontrol over temperatur, blanding, dosering og pH. Kombinationen af automatiserede laboratoriereaktorer med uovervåget repræsentativ prøvetagning eller in situ analyseværktøjer giver et ekstra niveau af forståelse for procesudvikling, fra partikelstørrelse til det molekylære niveau af reaktionsforløb, kinetik og reaktionsprogression. Disse arbejdsstationer til organisk syntese er nemme at bruge, meget gentagelige og forbundet med hinanden via softwarekontrol og datadeling.
Innovative teknikker
Til at syntetisere gennembrud for molekyler
Opdag, hvordan forskerne anvender effektive metoder til at udvikle nye syntetiske baner og optimere kritiske procesforhold. Fire casestudier belyser, hvordan førende farmaceutiske virksomheder udvider synteselaboratorieydeevne.
Opskalering og optimering
Meget reaktiv kemi
Meget reaktiv kemi har potentielt farlige reaktanter, mellemprodukter og produkter og involverer ofte meget eksotermiske reaktioner. Sikring af sikre driftsforhold, minimering af menneskelig eksponering og opnåelse af den maksimale mængde information i hvert forsøg er nøglefaktorer i succesfuldt design af og optrapning af meget reaktive kemier. In situ-reaktionsovervågning er kritisk, da meget reaktive materialer ofte er ustabile, hvilket begrænser offline prøvetagning. Eksempler omfatter syntese af Grignard-reagenser.
Applikationer
Applikation af syntetisk organisk kemi
Process Analytical Technology for Continuous Measurement of NCO
Isocyanates are critical building blocks for high performance polyurethane-based polymers that make up coatings, foams, adhesives, elastomers, and insulation. Concerns over exposure to residual isocyanates led to new limits for residual isocyanates in new products. Traditional analytical methods for measuring the residual isocyanate (NCO) concentration using offline sampling and analysis raise concerns. In situ monitoring with process analytical technology addresses these challenges and enables manufacturers and formulators to ensure that product quality specifications, personnel safety, and environmental regulations are met.
Methods and Techniques to Develop Synthetic Polymer Chemistry
Polymerization reaction measurement is crucial to produce material that meets requirements, including Immediate understanding, accurate and reproducible, Improved safety.
Automated Process Development Strategies for Chemists
Impurity profiling aims at identification and subsequent quantification of specific components present at low levels, usually less than 1% and ideally lower than 0.1 %.
Understand and Control Exothermic Events
Grignard reactions are one of the most important reaction classes in organic chemistry. Grignard reactions are useful for forming carbon-carbon bonds. Grignard reactions form alcohols from ketones and aldehydes, as well as react with other chemicals to form a myriad of useful compounds. Grignard reactions are performed using a Grignard reagent, which is typically a alkyl-, aryl- or vinyl- organomagnesium halide compound. To ensure optimization and safety of Grignard reactions in research, development and production, in situ monitoring and understanding reaction heat flow is important.
Safe Reaction Monitoring at Elevated Temperature and Pressure
Hydrogenation reactions are used in the manufacturing of both bulk and fine chemicals for reducing multiple bonds to single bonds. Catalysts are typically used to promote these reactions and reaction temperature, pressure, substrate loading, catalyst loading, and agitation rate all effect hydrogen gas uptake and overall reaction performance. Thorough understanding of this energetic reaction is important and PAT technology in support of HPLC analysis ensure safe, optimized and well-characterized chemistry.
Scale-Up and Optimize Highly Reactive Chemistries
Highly reactive chemistry is a terminology used to describe chemical reactions that are particularly challenging to handle and develop due to the potentially hazardous and/or energetic nature of the reactants, intermediates and products that are present during synthesis. These chemistries often involve highly exothermic reactions which require specialized equipment or extreme operating conditions (such as low temperature) to ensure adequate control. Ensuring safe operating conditions, minimizing human exposure, and gaining the maximum amount of information from each experiment are key factors in successfully designing and scaling-up highly reactive chemistries.
Understand and Characterize High Pressure Reactions Under Challenging Sampling Conditions
Many processes require reactions to be run under high pressure. Working under pressure is challenging and collecting samples for offline analysis is difficult and time consuming. A change in pressure could affect reaction rate, conversion and mechanism as well as other process parameters plus sensitivity to oxygen, water, and associated safety issues are common problems.
Key Syntheses in Pharmaceutical and Polymer Chemistry
Halogenation occurs when one of more fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atoms replace one or more hydrogen atoms in an organic compound. Depending on the specific halogen, the nature of the substrate molecule and overall reaction conditions, halogenation reactions can be very energetic and follow different pathways. For this reason, understanding these reactions from a kinetics and thermodynamic perspective is critical to ensuring yield, quality and safety of the process.
Accelerate Chemical Reactions With a Catalyst
Catalysts create an alternative path to increase the speed and outcome of a reaction, so a thorough understanding of the reaction kinetics is important. Not only does that provide information about the rate of the reaction, but also provides insight into the mechanism of the reaction. There are two types of catalytic reactions: heterogeneous and homogeneous. Heterogeneous is when the catalyst and reactant exist in two different phases. Homogeneous is when the catalyst and the reactant are in the same phase..
Levering af automatiserede værktøjer til at levere livsændrende produkter
En syntesereaktion er en kemisk proces, hvor enkle elementer eller forbindelser kombineres for at danne et mere komplekst produkt. Det er repræsenteret af ligningen: A + B → AB.
A Statistical Approach to Reaction Optimization
Design of Experiments (DoE) requires experiments to be conducted under well-controlled and reproducible conditions in chemical process optimization. Chemical synthesis reactors are designed to perform DoE investigations ensuring high quality data.
Fundamental Understanding of Chemical Reactions and Factors Affecting Them
Reaction mechanisms describe the successive steps at the molecular level that take place in a chemical reaction. Reaction mechanisms cannot be proven, but rather postulated based on empirical experimentation and deduction. In situ FTIR spectroscopy provides information to support reaction mechanisms hypotheses.
Understanding and Control of Organometallic Compounds
Organometallic Synthesis, or Organometallic Chemistry, refers to the process of creating organometallic compounds, and is among the most researched areas in chemistry. Organometallic compounds are frequently used in fine chemical syntheses and to catalyze reactions. In situ Infrared and Raman spectroscopy are among the most powerful analytical methods for the study of organometallic compounds and syntheses.
Ensure Yield, Purity, and Cost Objectives
Oligonucleotide synthesis is the chemical process by which nucleotides are specifically linked to form a product of desired sequenced.
For nøglereaktioner i organisk kemi
Alkylering er den proces, der ved, at en alkylgruppe tilsættes til et substratmolekyle. Alkyleringsreaktioner er en meget brugt teknik inden for organisk kemi.
Key Functional Groups for Synthesis of Polymers and Pharmaceuticals
This page outlines what epoxides are, how they are synthesized and technology to track reaction progression, including kinetics and key mechanisms.
Key C-C Bond-Forming Reactions in Molecular Synthesis
The Suzuki and related cross-coupling reactions use transition metal catalysts, such as palladium complexes, to form C-C bonds between alkyl and aryl halides with various organic compounds.
Key Reagents for Synthesizing Complex Molecules
Lithiation and organolithium reactions are key in the development of complex pharmaceutical compounds; organolithium compounds also act as initiators in certain polymerization reactions.
Functionalization of Carbon Bonds
C-H bond activation is a series of mechanistic processes by which stable carbon-hydrogen bonds in organic compounds are cleaved.
For Metal-Free Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Molecules
Organocatalysis refers to the employment of particular organic molecules to speed up chemical reactions through catalytic activation.
Understanding Key Mechanisms and Improve Catalytic Processes
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis, is a chemical reaction involving the addition of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H₂) to an unsaturated compound, typically an alkene or alkyne. The reaction is catalyzed by transition metal complexes, such as rhodium or cobalt, leading to the formation of aldehydes or aldehyde derivatives.
In-Situ Chemistry to Support Click Reactions
Click reactions refer to chemical reactions that meet the criteria of click chemistry. Click reactions are typically fast, high-yielding, and occur under mild conditions, making them ideal for a variety of applications.
Flowteknologi til kemiske og biologiske synteser
En kontinuerlig omrørt tankreaktor (CSTR) er en beholder, hvor reagenser og reaktanter strømmer ind i en reaktor, mens reaktionsproduktet kommer ud af beholderen.
Isocyanates are critical building blocks for high performance polyurethane-based polymers that make up coatings, foams, adhesives, elastomers, and insulation. Concerns over exposure to residual isocyanates led to new limits for residual isocyanates in new products. Traditional analytical methods for measuring the residual isocyanate (NCO) concentration using offline sampling and analysis raise concerns. In situ monitoring with process analytical technology addresses these challenges and enables manufacturers and formulators to ensure that product quality specifications, personnel safety, and environmental regulations are met.
Grignard reactions are one of the most important reaction classes in organic chemistry. Grignard reactions are useful for forming carbon-carbon bonds. Grignard reactions form alcohols from ketones and aldehydes, as well as react with other chemicals to form a myriad of useful compounds. Grignard reactions are performed using a Grignard reagent, which is typically a alkyl-, aryl- or vinyl- organomagnesium halide compound. To ensure optimization and safety of Grignard reactions in research, development and production, in situ monitoring and understanding reaction heat flow is important.
Hydrogenation reactions are used in the manufacturing of both bulk and fine chemicals for reducing multiple bonds to single bonds. Catalysts are typically used to promote these reactions and reaction temperature, pressure, substrate loading, catalyst loading, and agitation rate all effect hydrogen gas uptake and overall reaction performance. Thorough understanding of this energetic reaction is important and PAT technology in support of HPLC analysis ensure safe, optimized and well-characterized chemistry.
Highly reactive chemistry is a terminology used to describe chemical reactions that are particularly challenging to handle and develop due to the potentially hazardous and/or energetic nature of the reactants, intermediates and products that are present during synthesis. These chemistries often involve highly exothermic reactions which require specialized equipment or extreme operating conditions (such as low temperature) to ensure adequate control. Ensuring safe operating conditions, minimizing human exposure, and gaining the maximum amount of information from each experiment are key factors in successfully designing and scaling-up highly reactive chemistries.
Many processes require reactions to be run under high pressure. Working under pressure is challenging and collecting samples for offline analysis is difficult and time consuming. A change in pressure could affect reaction rate, conversion and mechanism as well as other process parameters plus sensitivity to oxygen, water, and associated safety issues are common problems.
Halogenation occurs when one of more fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atoms replace one or more hydrogen atoms in an organic compound. Depending on the specific halogen, the nature of the substrate molecule and overall reaction conditions, halogenation reactions can be very energetic and follow different pathways. For this reason, understanding these reactions from a kinetics and thermodynamic perspective is critical to ensuring yield, quality and safety of the process.
Catalysts create an alternative path to increase the speed and outcome of a reaction, so a thorough understanding of the reaction kinetics is important. Not only does that provide information about the rate of the reaction, but also provides insight into the mechanism of the reaction. There are two types of catalytic reactions: heterogeneous and homogeneous. Heterogeneous is when the catalyst and reactant exist in two different phases. Homogeneous is when the catalyst and the reactant are in the same phase..
Reaction mechanisms describe the successive steps at the molecular level that take place in a chemical reaction. Reaction mechanisms cannot be proven, but rather postulated based on empirical experimentation and deduction. In situ FTIR spectroscopy provides information to support reaction mechanisms hypotheses.
Organometallic Synthesis, or Organometallic Chemistry, refers to the process of creating organometallic compounds, and is among the most researched areas in chemistry. Organometallic compounds are frequently used in fine chemical syntheses and to catalyze reactions. In situ Infrared and Raman spectroscopy are among the most powerful analytical methods for the study of organometallic compounds and syntheses.
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis, is a chemical reaction involving the addition of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H₂) to an unsaturated compound, typically an alkene or alkyne. The reaction is catalyzed by transition metal complexes, such as rhodium or cobalt, leading to the formation of aldehydes or aldehyde derivatives.
Publikationer
Udgivelser om syntetisk organisk kemi
White Papers
Fremskridt inden for organisk kemi giver forskere mulighed for at udvide F&U af molekyler og optimere procesbetingelserne. Et nyt white paper præsente...
Dette white paper gennemgår en ny værktøjskasse udviklet specielt til kemikere, som udvider forsøgsmulighederne, automatiserer kedelige opgaver og reg...
This white paper reviews recent advances in organic chemistry using chemical reaction monitoring.
In-situ reaktionsovervågning ved hjælp af spektroskopi gør det muligt for forskere at se, hvad der sker i deres kemi, mens den reagerer, og giver muli...
John O'Reilly fra Roche Irland gennemgår et bæredygtigt procesanalytisk teknologi (PAT)-system, ved brug af proces FTIR til sikker udførelse af en red...
Real time, in-situ mid-FTIR reaction monitoring leads to a greater understanding of catalyst activity and robustness. Researchers at the University of...
Eksoterme kemiske reaktioner udgør iboende risici - især under opskalering. Offentliggjorte undersøgelser fra top kemiske og farmaceutiske virksomhede...
White paper - Hurtig analyse af kontinuerlige reaktionsoptimeringsforsøg - gennemgå, hvordan man optimerer kemiske reaktioner.
Webseminarer
This presentation discusses the implementation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) reaction monitoring technology to provide knowledge and understand...
This presentation discusses how Nalas Engineering safely handles high energy materials and hazardous chemistry.
This webinar explores a graphical analysis approach to rationalize unusual kinetics in C-H activations. The Reaction Progress Kinetic Analysis (RPKA)...
This presentation discusses the implementation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) reaction monitoring technology to provide knowledge and understand...
Learn how Design of Experiments (DoE) is applied to chemical synthesis at Lonza Peptide.
Relaterede produkter
Værktøjer til syntetisk organisk kemi
Automatiserede prøveudtagningssystemer
Tag pålidelige analytiske prøver inline, sluk in situ, og fortynd til reproducerbare analytiske prøver fra næsten enhver kemisk reaktion.
Reaction Calorimeters
Reaction calorimeters measure the amount of energy released or absorbed by a chemical or physical reaction in chemical and pharmaceutical development.
ReactIR
In-situ FTIR spectrometers enable scientists to gain insight into their reactions and processes in a wide range of applications. Optimize reaction variables with inline FTIR instru...