Forskare som arbetar inom syntetisk organisk kemi befinner sig under ökat tryck för att upptäcka och utveckla innovativa syntetiska vägar och robusta kemiska processer så snabbt som möjligt. In-line Process Analytical Technologies (PAT), eller processanalytiska teknologier in-line, kan tillhandahålla viktiga ledtrådar som gör det möjligt för forskare att förstå kinetiken, vägarna och mekanismerna för kemiska reaktioner. Utrustade med förbättrad reaktionsförståelse, kan vetenskapsmännen snabbt optimera och skala upp processerna med ökad robusthet och prestanda. Besök applikationsbiblioteket för nya publikationer och industriapplikationer.
Hur kan vi hjälpa dig?
Förbättra katalysatorprestandan för
Tandemhydroformylering/-hydrering
Forskare tillämpade reaktionsövervakning in situ för att förstå aktiviteten och robustheten hos nya katalysatorkomponenter för hydroformulering/-hydrering. Genom att mäta kinetik, vägar och reaktionsmekanismer, kunde optimala förhållanden för katalysatorprestandan identifieras.
Reaktionsövervakning i realtid
Fourier Transform Infrared-spektroskopi (FTIR)in situ är lämplig för många sorters kemi och ger realtidsövervakning av nyckelreaktionsarter. ReactIR, som är designad för att följa reaktionsförlopp, tillhandahåller specifik information om reaktionsinitiering, konvertering, intermediärer och slutpunkt, även under besvärliga förhållanden som försvårar offline-provtagning och analys, som exempelvis reaktioner under tryck eller vid extrema temperaturer. Applikationer/användningsområden inkluderar katalysatoroptimering, hydrering, polymerisation och högreaktiv kemi.
Experimentdesign
för optimerade reaktionsförhållanden
Forskare använder sig ofta av experimentdesign för att maximera informationen vid planering av kontrollerade experiment. Produktsammansättning, stereospecificitet, utbyte och föroreningar optimeras genom att ändra reaktionsförhållanden som exempelvis temperatur, lösningsmedel, katalysator och koncentrationerna för substrat eller reagens. Effektiv undersökning av de påverkande faktorerna med endast ett litet antal experiment kräver att experimenten utförs under välkontrollerade, exakta och reproducerbara förhållanden. Allt detta bör helst ske automatiskt eller halvautomatiskt i liten skala och snabbt leda till optimerade reaktionsförhållanden.
Arbetsstationer för organisk syntes
Nya tekniker för bättre kemi
Småskaliga arbetsstationer för organisk syntes gör det möjligt för kemister att snabbt och effektivt utföra experiment dag och natt med kontroll över temperatur, blandning, dosering och pH. Att kombinera automatiska labbreaktorer med oövervakade, representativa provtagnings- eller in situ-analysverktyg ger en extra nivå av processutvecklingsförståelse från partikelstorlek till molekylär nivå för reaktionsväg, kinetik och reaktionsförlopp. Dessa arbetsstationer för organisk syntes är lättanvända, har hög repeterbarhet och är sammankopplade via programvarustyrning och datadelning.
Innovativa tekniker
Att syntetisera genombrottsmolekyler
Upptäck hur forskare tillämpar effektiva metoder för att utveckla nya syntetiska vägar och optimerar kritiska processförhållanden. 4 fallstudier belyser hur ledande läkemedelsföretag expanderar synteslabbprestandan.
Uppskalning och optimering
Högreaktiv kemi
Högreaktiv kemi förknippas med potentiellt farliga reaktanter, intermediärer och produkter och inbegriper ofta mycket exotermiska reaktioner. Att säkerställa säkra driftsförhållanden, minimera mänsklig exponering och inhämta maximal mängd information från varje experiment är nyckelfaktorer när det gäller framgångsrik design och uppskalning av högreaktiv kemi. In situ-reaktionsövervakning har en grundläggande betydelse eftersom högreaktiva material ofta är instabila vilket begränsar möjligheterna för offline-provtagning.Exempel inkluderar syntes av Grignard-reagenter.
Applikationer
Synthetic Organic Chemistry Applications
Process Analytical Technology for Continuous Measurement of NCO
Isocyanates are critical building blocks for high performance polyurethane-based polymers that make up coatings, foams, adhesives, elastomers, and insulation. Concerns over exposure to residual isocyanates led to new limits for residual isocyanates in new products. Traditional analytical methods for measuring the residual isocyanate (NCO) concentration using offline sampling and analysis raise concerns. In situ monitoring with process analytical technology addresses these challenges and enables manufacturers and formulators to ensure that product quality specifications, personnel safety, and environmental regulations are met.
Methods and Techniques to Develop Synthetic Polymer Chemistry
Polymerization reaction measurement is crucial to produce material that meets requirements, including Immediate understanding, accurate and reproducible, Improved safety.
Automated Process Development Strategies for Chemists
Impurity profiling aims at identification and subsequent quantification of specific components present at low levels, usually less than 1% and ideally lower than 0.1 %.
Understand and Control Exothermic Events
Grignard reactions are one of the most important reaction classes in organic chemistry. Grignard reactions are useful for forming carbon-carbon bonds. Grignard reactions form alcohols from ketones and aldehydes, as well as react with other chemicals to form a myriad of useful compounds. Grignard reactions are performed using a Grignard reagent, which is typically a alkyl-, aryl- or vinyl- organomagnesium halide compound. To ensure optimization and safety of Grignard reactions in research, development and production, in situ monitoring and understanding reaction heat flow is important.
Safe Reaction Monitoring at Elevated Temperature and Pressure
Hydrogenation reactions are used in the manufacturing of both bulk and fine chemicals for reducing multiple bonds to single bonds. Catalysts are typically used to promote these reactions and reaction temperature, pressure, substrate loading, catalyst loading, and agitation rate all effect hydrogen gas uptake and overall reaction performance. Thorough understanding of this energetic reaction is important and PAT technology in support of HPLC analysis ensure safe, optimized and well-characterized chemistry.
Scale-Up and Optimize Highly Reactive Chemistries
Highly reactive chemistry is a terminology used to describe chemical reactions that are particularly challenging to handle and develop due to the potentially hazardous and/or energetic nature of the reactants, intermediates and products that are present during synthesis. These chemistries often involve highly exothermic reactions which require specialized equipment or extreme operating conditions (such as low temperature) to ensure adequate control. Ensuring safe operating conditions, minimizing human exposure, and gaining the maximum amount of information from each experiment are key factors in successfully designing and scaling-up highly reactive chemistries.
Understand and Characterize High Pressure Reactions Under Challenging Sampling Conditions
Many processes require reactions to be run under high pressure. Working under pressure is challenging and collecting samples for offline analysis is difficult and time consuming. A change in pressure could affect reaction rate, conversion and mechanism as well as other process parameters plus sensitivity to oxygen, water, and associated safety issues are common problems.
Key Syntheses in Pharmaceutical and Polymer Chemistry
Halogenation occurs when one of more fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atoms replace one or more hydrogen atoms in an organic compound. Depending on the specific halogen, the nature of the substrate molecule and overall reaction conditions, halogenation reactions can be very energetic and follow different pathways. For this reason, understanding these reactions from a kinetics and thermodynamic perspective is critical to ensuring yield, quality and safety of the process.
Accelerate Chemical Reactions With a Catalyst
Catalysts create an alternative path to increase the speed and outcome of a reaction, so a thorough understanding of the reaction kinetics is important. Not only does that provide information about the rate of the reaction, but also provides insight into the mechanism of the reaction. There are two types of catalytic reactions: heterogeneous and homogeneous. Heterogeneous is when the catalyst and reactant exist in two different phases. Homogeneous is when the catalyst and the reactant are in the same phase..
Tillhandahålla automatiserade verktyg för att leverera livsförändrande produkter
En syntesreaktion är en kemisk process där enkla element eller föreningar kombineras för att bilda en mer komplex produkt. Det representeras av ekvationen: A + B → AB.
A Statistical Approach to Reaction Optimization
Design of Experiments (DoE) requires experiments to be conducted under well-controlled and reproducible conditions in chemical process optimization. Chemical synthesis reactors are designed to perform DoE investigations ensuring high quality data.
Fundamental Understanding of Chemical Reactions and Factors Affecting Them
Reaction mechanisms describe the successive steps at the molecular level that take place in a chemical reaction. Reaction mechanisms cannot be proven, but rather postulated based on empirical experimentation and deduction. In situ FTIR spectroscopy provides information to support reaction mechanisms hypotheses.
Understanding and Control of Organometallic Compounds
Organometallic Synthesis, or Organometallic Chemistry, refers to the process of creating organometallic compounds, and is among the most researched areas in chemistry. Organometallic compounds are frequently used in fine chemical syntheses and to catalyze reactions. In situ Infrared and Raman spectroscopy are among the most powerful analytical methods for the study of organometallic compounds and syntheses.
Ensure Yield, Purity, and Cost Objectives
Oligonucleotide synthesis is the chemical process by which nucleotides are specifically linked to form a product of desired sequenced.
För nyckelreaktioner inom organisk kemi
Alkylering är processen genom att en alkylgrupp tillsätts till en substratmolekyl. Alkyleringsreaktioner är en allmänt använd teknik inom organisk kemi.
Key Functional Groups for Synthesis of Polymers and Pharmaceuticals
This page outlines what epoxides are, how they are synthesized and technology to track reaction progression, including kinetics and key mechanisms.
Key C-C Bond-Forming Reactions in Molecular Synthesis
The Suzuki and related cross-coupling reactions use transition metal catalysts, such as palladium complexes, to form C-C bonds between alkyl and aryl halides with various organic compounds.
Key Reagents for Synthesizing Complex Molecules
Lithiation and organolithium reactions are key in the development of complex pharmaceutical compounds; organolithium compounds also act as initiators in certain polymerization reactions.
Functionalization of Carbon Bonds
C-H bond activation is a series of mechanistic processes by which stable carbon-hydrogen bonds in organic compounds are cleaved.
For Metal-Free Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Molecules
Organocatalysis refers to the employment of particular organic molecules to speed up chemical reactions through catalytic activation.
Understanding Key Mechanisms and Improve Catalytic Processes
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis, is a chemical reaction involving the addition of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H₂) to an unsaturated compound, typically an alkene or alkyne. The reaction is catalyzed by transition metal complexes, such as rhodium or cobalt, leading to the formation of aldehydes or aldehyde derivatives.
In-Situ Chemistry to Support Click Reactions
Click reactions refer to chemical reactions that meet the criteria of click chemistry. Click reactions are typically fast, high-yielding, and occur under mild conditions, making them ideal for a variety of applications.
Flödesteknik för kemiska och biologiska synteser
En kontinuerlig omrörd tankreaktor (CSTR) är ett kärl i vilket reagenser och reaktanter strömmar in i en reaktor, medan reaktionsprodukten lämnar kärlet.
Isocyanates are critical building blocks for high performance polyurethane-based polymers that make up coatings, foams, adhesives, elastomers, and insulation. Concerns over exposure to residual isocyanates led to new limits for residual isocyanates in new products. Traditional analytical methods for measuring the residual isocyanate (NCO) concentration using offline sampling and analysis raise concerns. In situ monitoring with process analytical technology addresses these challenges and enables manufacturers and formulators to ensure that product quality specifications, personnel safety, and environmental regulations are met.
Grignard reactions are one of the most important reaction classes in organic chemistry. Grignard reactions are useful for forming carbon-carbon bonds. Grignard reactions form alcohols from ketones and aldehydes, as well as react with other chemicals to form a myriad of useful compounds. Grignard reactions are performed using a Grignard reagent, which is typically a alkyl-, aryl- or vinyl- organomagnesium halide compound. To ensure optimization and safety of Grignard reactions in research, development and production, in situ monitoring and understanding reaction heat flow is important.
Hydrogenation reactions are used in the manufacturing of both bulk and fine chemicals for reducing multiple bonds to single bonds. Catalysts are typically used to promote these reactions and reaction temperature, pressure, substrate loading, catalyst loading, and agitation rate all effect hydrogen gas uptake and overall reaction performance. Thorough understanding of this energetic reaction is important and PAT technology in support of HPLC analysis ensure safe, optimized and well-characterized chemistry.
Highly reactive chemistry is a terminology used to describe chemical reactions that are particularly challenging to handle and develop due to the potentially hazardous and/or energetic nature of the reactants, intermediates and products that are present during synthesis. These chemistries often involve highly exothermic reactions which require specialized equipment or extreme operating conditions (such as low temperature) to ensure adequate control. Ensuring safe operating conditions, minimizing human exposure, and gaining the maximum amount of information from each experiment are key factors in successfully designing and scaling-up highly reactive chemistries.
Many processes require reactions to be run under high pressure. Working under pressure is challenging and collecting samples for offline analysis is difficult and time consuming. A change in pressure could affect reaction rate, conversion and mechanism as well as other process parameters plus sensitivity to oxygen, water, and associated safety issues are common problems.
Halogenation occurs when one of more fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atoms replace one or more hydrogen atoms in an organic compound. Depending on the specific halogen, the nature of the substrate molecule and overall reaction conditions, halogenation reactions can be very energetic and follow different pathways. For this reason, understanding these reactions from a kinetics and thermodynamic perspective is critical to ensuring yield, quality and safety of the process.
Catalysts create an alternative path to increase the speed and outcome of a reaction, so a thorough understanding of the reaction kinetics is important. Not only does that provide information about the rate of the reaction, but also provides insight into the mechanism of the reaction. There are two types of catalytic reactions: heterogeneous and homogeneous. Heterogeneous is when the catalyst and reactant exist in two different phases. Homogeneous is when the catalyst and the reactant are in the same phase..
Reaction mechanisms describe the successive steps at the molecular level that take place in a chemical reaction. Reaction mechanisms cannot be proven, but rather postulated based on empirical experimentation and deduction. In situ FTIR spectroscopy provides information to support reaction mechanisms hypotheses.
Organometallic Synthesis, or Organometallic Chemistry, refers to the process of creating organometallic compounds, and is among the most researched areas in chemistry. Organometallic compounds are frequently used in fine chemical syntheses and to catalyze reactions. In situ Infrared and Raman spectroscopy are among the most powerful analytical methods for the study of organometallic compounds and syntheses.
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis, is a chemical reaction involving the addition of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H₂) to an unsaturated compound, typically an alkene or alkyne. The reaction is catalyzed by transition metal complexes, such as rhodium or cobalt, leading to the formation of aldehydes or aldehyde derivatives.
Trycksaker
Publications on Synthetic Organic Chemistry
White Papers
Framsteg inom organisk kemi gör det möjligt för forskare att utöka FoU för molekyler och optimera processförhållanden. Ett nytt white paper presentera...
I denna vitbok beskrivs en ny verktygslåda utformad för kemister som ger fler experimentalternativ, automatiserar tråkiga uppgifter och samlar in högk...
This white paper reviews recent advances in organic chemistry using chemical reaction monitoring.
In-situ reaktionsövervakning med spektroskopi gör det möjligt för forskare att se vad som händer i deras kemi medan den reagerar och möjliggör omedelb...
John O'Reilly från Roche Ireland pratar om hållbar processanalysteknik (PAT) med process FTIR för säker användning av natriumborohydridreduktion.
Real time, in-situ mid-FTIR reaction monitoring leads to a greater understanding of catalyst activity and robustness. Researchers at the University of...
Exotermiska reaktioner har inneboende risker – särskilt vid uppskalning. Publicerade studier från ledande kemi- och läkemedelsföretag visar att genom...
Detta white paper – Snabb analys av experiment med reaktionsoptimering – behandlar hur man kan optimera kemiska reaktioner.
Webbseminarier
This presentation discusses the implementation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) reaction monitoring technology to provide knowledge and understand...
This presentation discusses how Nalas Engineering safely handles high energy materials and hazardous chemistry.
This webinar explores a graphical analysis approach to rationalize unusual kinetics in C-H activations. The Reaction Progress Kinetic Analysis (RPKA)...
This presentation discusses the implementation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) reaction monitoring technology to provide knowledge and understand...
Learn how Design of Experiments (DoE) is applied to chemical synthesis at Lonza Peptide.
Relaterade produkter
Synthetic Organic Chemistry Tools
Automatiserade provtagningssystem
Ta tillförlitliga analysprover inline, släck in situ och späd för reproducerbara analytiska prover från nästan alla kemiska reaktioner.
Reaktionskalorimetrar
Reaktionskalorimetrar mäter mängden energi som frigörs eller absorberas av en kemisk eller fysikalisk reaktion vid kemisk och farmaceutisk utveckling.
ReactIR
In-situ FTIR spectrometers enable scientists to gain insight into their reactions and processes in a wide range of applications. Optimize reaction variables with inline FTIR instru...