Temperature modulated DSC differs from conventional DSC in allowing the total heat flow to be separated into reversing and non-reversing heat flow components. Such techniques are frequently applied to help analysts distinguish between processes or transitions that overlap or lie very close to one another.
TOPEM®, the most advanced TMDSC technique, yields new information not obtained by conventional DSC, which allows you to understand and interpret the different thermal events that occur in the sample. Its main benefits include:
- Unique multi-frequency technique
- Separation of super-imposed effects
- Most accurate cp data
TOPEM – a multi-frequency temperature modulated DSC technique
In TOPEM, the linear heating profile is overlaid with a non-periodic temperature perturbation consisting of a series of temperature pulses of different length and defined intensity. TOPEM has a tremendous advantage: it allows you to distinguish between latent and sensible heat flows and at the same time investigate the frequency dependence and hence the dynamics of processes.
