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Home Expertise Library Insights into Reaction Pathways of Taurine Synthesis from Ethanolamine

Insights into Reaction Pathways of Taurine Synthesis from Ethanolamine

Fundamental and Thermodynamic Reaction Understanding

Taurine, 2-aminoethane-1-sulfonic acid, is an important amino acid in human and animal nutrition markets. Commercial production of taurine starts with either ethylene oxide (EO) or monoethanolamine (MEA). Due to safety concerns of handling EO, research was focused on exploiting the MEA route. The MEA route is a two-step process, typically performed in batch operations. The first step is the reaction of MEA with sulfuric acid to produce the ester 2-aminoethyl hydrogen sulfate (AES). The second step is the reaction of AES with a sulfite reagent to yield the sulfonic acid product. This presentation summarizes the results of a study of the thermodynamic properties for this two-step MEA-based chemical route to taurine.

Using a reaction calorimeter for reaction monitoring, researchers measured the heat of formation for the addition of sulfuric acid to MEA. Analysis of this process revealed that two key, separate reactions occur: neutralization of the amine functionality and subsequent protonation of the hydroxyl group. These two reactions were further monitored using FTIR spectroscopy to collect benchmark spectra and monitor the process in situ. FTIR spectroscopy was used to quantify these and other analytes for downstream processing. Information in this presentation is highlighted as part of a larger study published as “Continuous Process for the Production of Taurine from Monoethanolamine” in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research.

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The role of PAT differs drastically when it is used for development, scale-up or production purposes. With such changing roles, changes in the number of techniques and frequency of use are also observed. In this talk, these differences are described, and examples are shown for each of the roles. The talk then focusses on lab-to-plant scale-up. How can PAT be used to verify or deny a correct scale-up and, in the latter case, help in finding out why the scale-up was not successful. The fingerprint concept is explained, as well as recent advances on how to bring PAT data from the lab into the plant to allow for a Live verification and data analysis during batch scale-up.

Veronica Milligan - ADM Process Chemistry & Catalysis

Veronica Milligan is a research chemist for ADM Process Chemistry & Catalysis. Her work here has encompassed a variety of projects spanning industrial chemicals to enzyme development. Previously, Veronica worked as an analytical scientist for MilliporeSigma Process and Analytical Development team focusing on antibody drug conjugates. Veronica received her bachelor’s degree in Biochemistry.