Water purification steps and online monitoring opportunities:
1. Filtration: conductivity and pH
2. Softening: conductivity
3. Carbon Adsorption: ORP
4. Reverse Osmosis: conductivity, pH
5. Optional – deionization or electrodeionization: conductivity, sodium, silica
6. Distillation: conductivity, TOC
7. Ultraviolet irradiation: ozone, TOC
8. Ozone disinfection: ozone
The purification of water used in the pharmaceutical industry requires a series of steps to remove the impurities, minimize contamination, and avoid biofilm growth.
Measuring conductivity, total organic carbon (TOC), ozone, and microbes online and in real time in pharmaceutical waters is important for optimizing water monitoring.
Traditional sampling methods are common but do not have the advantages of continuous measurements that lead to optimized water quality and compliance with industry standards.
Offline water analyses are recommended to be performed punctually to verify the accuracy of the online monitoring system, with applications for benchtop instruments such as density, refractive index, pH, conductivity, ions and dissolved oxygen (DO), titration, and UV-Vis measurements.